Theodor Kravina von Kronstein (1720-1789) was born in Slovenska Bistrica. As jesuit he became prefect and later rector of Vienna Military Academy, later general Academy Theresianum. The contribution ...deals with his work entitled Entwurf der oekonomischen Kenntnisse, published in 1773 representing systematic outline of economic sciences, tought at Theresianumu. It was predominantly about practical expertises in knowing the soil, plants, minerals and raw materials and techniques of their processing into final products. In this published monography Kravina described also the »Economic garden«, school agricultural enterprise and mineral collections, which all improved significantly under his leadership the quality of schooling process.
A long history of human presence in the Alps has made studies of natural forest structure, composition, and disturbance processes difficult. In the Slovenian Alps, we identified a mixed European ...beech (
Fagus sylvatica L.)-silver fir (
Abies alba Mill.)-Norway spruce (
Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand with old-growth characteristics that escaped past cutting. We reconstructed the dynamics of the stand using a combination of stand and age structure analyses, dendroecological evidence of past canopy disturbance, and historical evidence of past human activities. The disturbance reconstruction revealed a stand-scale disturbance in the 1850s. Based on the presence of pit-and-mound topography throughout much of the stand and the absence of logging activities found in historical records, we assume this event was caused by strong winds. The current structure and composition of the stand are largely a result of this event. Post-disturbance forest development was dominated by the release of shade tolerant regeneration, especially
F. sylvatica. The windthrow also created appropriate conditions (i.e. increased light and exposed mineral soil) for recruitment of less shade tolerant species, including larch (
Larix decidua Mill.) and maple (
Acer pseudoplatanus L.). The results suggest that periodic, intermediate severity wind disturbances, similar to the event documented here, may have had an important influence on pre-settlement forest dynamics in mixed mountain forests of the Alps, and add to the limited available information regarding the historic range of natural variability of disturbance processes. This information may be useful for forest management that attempts to emulate natural processes.
Raziskovanje v družinski medicini v Sloveniji Petek Šter, Marija; Švab, Igor; Petek, Davorina
Zdravniški vestnik (Ljubljana, Slovenia : 1992),
01/2019, Letnik:
87, Številka:
11-12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Primarni nivo zdravstvenega varstva predstavlja vstopno mesto v zdravstveni sistem in od njega je v veliki meri odvisna kakovost in stroškovna vzdržnost zdravstvenega sistema. Raziskovanje je gonilo ...strokovnega razvoja v skrbi za čim boljšo kakovost oskrbe pacientov.Družinska medicina (DM) v Sloveniji predstavlja največjo specialnost na primarnem nivoju zdravstvenega varstva, ki je na področju raziskovanja v zadnjih desetletjih dosegla velike uspehe.V preglednem prispevku bodo prikazane značilnosti raziskovanja v družinski medicini, predstavljena vključenost raziskovanja v različne nivoje izobraževalnega procesa in delo v praksi ter nakazani izzivi, ki družinsko medicino kot znanstveno in raziskovalno vedo čakajo v prihodnje.
Background: Duty service of gyecology and obstetrics in Slovenia is organized on the regional basis and consists of ten regional hospitals, two hospitals for gynecology and obstetrics and two ...university clinical centres.
Methods: Heads of hospitals where duty service is performed, have answered the questionnaires about the doctors who perform duty service.
Results: Specialists and trainees in gynecology and obstetrics perform duty service on 21 posts and on 6 on-call posts. In Slovenia there are 287 active specialists in gynecology and obstetrics. 139 (48.4%) among them are active on the primary level (outpatient clinics) and 148 (51.6%) in the hospitals and both clinical centres. Among hospital gynecologists and obstetricians 54 (36.5%) of them are older than 55 years.
Conclusions: Duty service of gyecology and obstetrics in Slovenia does not meet legislation criteria regard- ing doctors’ work time. Adequate changes for increasing the number of available doctors for duty service are proposed.
Workers in agriculture are regularly exposed to heat stress during summer, which can affect reduced labour productivity and income losses. Air temperatures in Slovenia have been rising in recent ...decades, and climate change projections show that this trend will continue along with an increase in the number of days with heat stress risk. Changes in the number of heat waves in central and south-western Slovenia for the period 1961–2017 were analysed as well as the risk of the heat stress for workers during heat waves in the year 2017. The heat wave occurs if the temperature threshold for the average daily temperature is reached or exceeded on at least three consecutive days, with the threshold for the mild continental climate (Ljubljana) 24 °C and the mild Submediterranean climate (Bilje) 25 °C. The WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature) index, assessing the risk of heat stress, was calculated from relative humidity and air temperatures. At both locations, the number of days in heat waves increased as well as their intensity, average daily air temperatures were significantly higher than in the first half of the considered period. The time span, in which the heat waves occur, also extended, as until 1990 they did not appear in early June and late August, as in recent years. The calculated values of the WBGT show that for most days in the heat waves in 2017 in Ljubljana and Bilje, the WBGT 23 °C threshold was exceeded practically all day, which shows a high level of heat stress risk for physically intense work. In the case of exceeded WBGT reference values, employers or farmers themselves should take actions to reduce the risk of heat stress.
▶ Most selected indicators confirmed the hypothesis of fir decline in the period 1970–2008. ▶ Spatiotemporal dynamics of fir 1970–2008 was most affected by forest type. ▶ Forest types represent a ...complex of site conditions and past forest management.
Silver fir decline was investigated based on changes in spatial distribution of fir, fir abundance in forest stands, dbh (age) structure of fir, and abundance of fir regeneration. The authors used a large-scale approach to study the dynamics of silver fir over nearly 40 years. Based on Silva-SI, a spatial information system, the majority of total forest area in Slovenia was analysed for changes in the distribution of silver fir in the period 1970–2008 using artificial neural networks (ANNs), with respect to site, stand, and forest management variables. Additionally, changes in abundance of silver fir (hereafter fir) in the same period were analysed with a general linear model, while changes in the dbh structure of fir and fir regeneration were analysed with non-parametric tests. Most selected indicators confirmed the hypothesis of fir decline in the period 1970–2008, as evidenced by a reduction in the area of forests with a share of fir in the total growing stock >25% (from 18.9% to 9.5% of total area), a reduction in the share of fir in the growing stock of forest stands (from 17.5% to 7.5%), ageing of the fir population, and a disproportionate share of fir saplings in the total saplings relative to fir's share in the growing stock of forest stands. A 1.5% increase in fir distribution area in the observed period contradicts the decline hypothesis. ANNs showed that the spatiotemporal dynamics of fir was most affected by four variables: forest type, share of fir in the potential natural vegetation, mean annual precipitation, and mean annual temperature. The latter two, together with the growing stock at the start of study period, the degree of connectivity between fir stands, and bedrock type, were significant predictors of decline of fir abundance in forest stands. Significant differences in spatiotemporal dynamics and changes in fir abundance were found between forest types representing a complex of site conditions and past forest management. A further decline of abundance of fir on a large spatial scale in the next decades is expected. Conservation of fir in forest stands will depend mainly on the successful regeneration of fir and sufficient recruitment.
Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS) is the leading cause of invasive neonatal infections in the developed world. We present epidemiological and clinical characteristics ...of invasive GBS disease among Slovenian neonates between 2003 and 2013.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed. Children aged 0–90 days with invasive GBS disease, born in Slovenia and hospitalized in the University Medical Centre Ljubljana were included. Cases were identified concurrently from (i) hospital and (ii) microbiological databases. Medical records from mothers and children were reviewed and relevant data extracted. The incidence rate was calculated based on the national vital statistics data and expressed per 1000 live births.
Results: Altogether, 144 children were included in the analysis, 72.9 % (n = 105) based on hospital database and 27.1 % (n = 39) based on microbiological database. Among them, 47.9 % (n = 69) were girls and 52.1 % (n = 75) boys. Among the cases with available data, 54.5 % (n = 73) were born at term and 45.5 % (n = 61) were preterm. Early-onset disease (0–6 days) was present in 74.3 % (n = 107) of patients; 95.3 % (n = 102) of them became ill during the first 3 days of life. Late-onset disease (7–90 days) was present in 25.7 % (n = 37) of patients. Outcome data was available for 134 children. Neonatal mortality rate was 4.5 % (n = 6). Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) or intraventricular haemorrhages Grade III/IV (IVH 3/4) were detected in 17.9 % (n = 24). Severe outcomes (death or PVL or IVH 3/4) were detected in 22.4 % (n = 30) children. Cumulative incidence rate was 0.72/1000 live births; 0.53/1000 for early-onset and 0.18/1000 for late-onset disease. Risk factors for early-onset disease were present in 47.9 % (n = 68) mothers in labour. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis was delivered to 16.9 % (n = 24) of mothers.
Conclusions: High incidence of invasive neonatal GBS disease was detected in Slovenia. Although low mortality was observed, brain pathology concordant with long-term adverse outcome was confirmed in a high proportion of patients. The application of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in cases of known risk factors was suboptimal, especially among preterm deliveries. Approximately half of the patients were born to mothers without any risk factors. A comprehensive national strategy for the prevention of invasive GBS disease is warranted in Slovenia.
The study explores the decision-making rationale of news websites' moderators who keep hate speech at the gates by reviewing and selecting users' comments for publication under news items. By using ...document analysis, newsroom observations and interviews, the study indicates a combination of traditional and network gatekeeping at three leading Slovenian news websites. The adopted minimal measures for regulating hate speech at 24ur.com, Siol.net and Rtvslo.si and their various gatekeeping mechanisms call for reconsideration of some central issues in contemporary social communication: the gatekeeping model and technological innovation as well as multivalent roles of news media in public life.
Študija je utemeljena na prepletu klasičnih razprav o svobodi tiska in svobodi izražanja ter diskusij o izzivih odbirateljske vloge novinarstva v sodobnih kontekstih internetnega komuniciranja. Avtorja proučujeta utemeljevanje odločanja moderatorjev na novičarskih spletnih mestih, ki sovražni govor zadržujejo na vratih tako, da komentarje uporabnikov pregledujejo in jih izbirajo za objavo pod spletnimi novicami. Z uporabo analize dokumentov, opazovanj v uredništvih in intervjujev študija prepoznava kombinacijo tradicionalnega in omrežnega odbirateljstva na treh v Sloveniji vodilnih novičarskih spletnih mestih. Trajno internetno komunikacijsko okolje se namreč konstruira skozi izhodiščno avtomatizirano moderacijo, prevladujočo pomoderacijo, občasno odzivno moderacijo in omejeno predmoderacijo, ki nakazuje dinamično naravo odnosov med moderatorji (odbiratelji) in internetnimi uporabniki (odbranimi). To v številnih pogledih Sizifovo delo, kot ga označujejo tudi nekateri intervjuvanci, razkriva štiri načine odbiranja sovražnega govora, ki se artikulirajo v raznolikih odnosih med strukturami, kot so čas, finančna sredstva in organizacija dela, ter človekovo dejavnostjo. Sprejeti minimalni ukrepi za reguliranje sovražnega govora na 24ur.com, Siol.net in Rtvslo.si ter različni odbirateljski mehanizmi zahtevajo vnovičen razmislek o nekaterih osrednjih vprašanjih družbenega komuniciranja, tj. odbirateljskega modela in tehnoloških inovacij ter mnogotere vloge novičarskih medijev v javnem življenju.
We report the finding of the disease of pear (Pyrus communis ‘Konferans’, ‘Abate Fetel’) and nashi trees (Pyrus pyrifolia ‘Hosui’) in the Soča river valley in the westernmost part of Slovenia ...(E:13.58844°, N: 46.04117°). On healthy and moribund branches of host trees, the fungus Septobasidium marianii Bres. was identified with morphological and molecular methods. In the basidiomes colonies of European pear scale (Epidiaspis leperii (Signoret 1869)) were observed. Mutualistic symbiosis formed by the fungus and the scale insects is explained and the characteristics of felt disease affecting host plants is described. Listed are the disease control measures recommended in the literature. The article is the first report of the occurrence of felt disease in Slovenia.
